CLASS-IX CHAPTER-3

COMPUTER LANGUAGES AND SOFTWARE

Q1. What are the two types of computer languages? Categorize and define them.

Ans. The two types of computer languages are:

1.      low level language(LLL)

2.      high level language(HLL)

CATEGORIES OF LLL:

1.      Machine language:

a.      This is also called as the First Generation Computer Languages.

b.      It  contains all the instructions in the Binary Form i.e. in 0s and 1’s.

c.        It is very difficult to understand for the user to understand. Because all the instructions are written into the Form of 0 and 1.      

d.      It increases the Speed of Processing of the Computer System.

2.       Assembly Language: 

a.        The Programs are written into the Form of some Words in English Language Forms.

b.        For Example if a user wants to add two Numbers then he has to use Some Mnemonics like this ADD A,B in this  ADD is the Mnemonics which is used for Performing the Add Operation. 

High level languages: These are the instructions written in English like language. It uses variables, arrays and complex mathematical calculations.

Various HLL are; COBOL, PASCAL, C, C++, JAVA etc.

Q2. What is 4GLs? What is its advantage?

Ans. 4GL is a fourth generation programming language and is developed for a specific purpose or a certain type of work such as developing any commercial software.

Main advantages are to reduce programming effort, time and total cost of the software development.

Q3. What are the various generations of computer languages?

Ans. The various generations of computer languages are:

1.      Machine language or first generation.

2.      Assembly language or Second generation.

3.      High level language or third generation.

4.      4GL or fourth generation are user friendly and portable.

5.      Fifth generation are used in the field of artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic and neural networks.

Q4. What is software? Give classification of computer software.

Ans. Software is a set of program instructions which when executed gives some desired results.

Classification:

Q-5 Define the following:

1.      System software

2.      Assembler

3.      Compilers

4.      Interpreters

5.      Operating system

6.      Application software

7.      General purpose application software

8.      Customized software

9.      Utility software

Ans.

1.      System software:  it is a set of programs that are used to control the operations of the computer system such as input and output, saving a file, prints a document etc.

2.      Assembler: it is a software that converts assembly language program into machine language program.

3.      Compilers: it is a software program that converts an entire HLL program into machine language program.

4.      Interpreters: it is a software program that converts HLL program into machine language program line by line.

5.      Operating system: it is system software that acts as an interface between user and machine. It is required to start and shut down the system.

6.      Application software: These are a set of programs that are put together for a specific purpose or task.

10.  General purpose application software: these softwares are created by vast companies for general purpose use. Anyone can purchase it and use it for its own purpose. E.g. word processing software, excel, PowerPoint, desktop publishing software etc.

11.  Customized software: a software which is created and modified by a person or a company for its own use and cannot be used by any other customer. These are also known as business software.  For e.g.: restaurant billing system, library management system, school management software etc.

12.  Utility software: it is a small program that provides additional capabilities to your operating system. They are also called service routines. For e.g.: disk fragmenter, network managers, disk cleanup etc.

Q6 Differentiate between compiler and interpreter.

Ans. The various differences are:

Q7 what are the various disk management tools? Explain in brief.

Ans. the various disk management tools are:

1.      Disk cleanup: helps to free space in hard drive by deleting unnecessary program files.

2.      Disk defragmenter: consolidates or group together fragmented files and folders at one place and free space at one place. This process is known as defragmentation.

3.      Systems restore utility: it is a component of windows XP home edition. It can be used to restore the computer to its previous state without deleting any file.

4.      Special utilities: these are the special utilities like compression utilities, encryption/decryption etc. Norton antivirus, McAfee, quickheal is all utility softwares.

Q8. What are the various functions of operating system?

Ans. The various functions are:

1.      Program execution

2.      I/O device management

3.      Information management

4.      Memory management

5.      Error handling

6.      Information and resource protection