COMPUTER LANGUAGES AND SOFTWARE
Q1. What are the two types of
computer languages? Categorize and define them.
Ans. The two types of
computer languages are:
1.
low
level language(LLL)
2.
high
level language(HLL)
CATEGORIES OF LLL:
1.
Machine
language:
a. This is also called as the First
Generation Computer Languages.
b. It contains all the instructions in the Binary
Form i.e. in 0s and 1’s.
c. It is very difficult to understand for the
user to understand. Because all the instructions are written into the Form of 0
and 1.
d. It increases the Speed of
Processing of the Computer System.
2.
Assembly Language:
a. The
Programs are written into the Form of some Words in English Language Forms.
b. For Example if a user wants to add two
Numbers then he has to use Some Mnemonics like this ADD A,B in this ADD
is the Mnemonics which is used for Performing the Add Operation.
High level languages: These are the instructions
written in English like language. It uses variables, arrays and complex
mathematical calculations.
Various HLL are;
COBOL, PASCAL, C, C++, JAVA etc.
Q2. What is 4GLs? What is its
advantage?
Ans. 4GL is a fourth
generation programming language and is developed for a specific purpose or a
certain type of work such as developing any commercial software.
Main advantages are
to reduce programming effort, time and total cost of the software development.
Q3. What are the various
generations of computer languages?
Ans. The various generations
of computer languages are:
1.
Machine
language or first generation.
2.
Assembly
language or Second generation.
3.
High
level language or third generation.
4.
4GL
or fourth generation are user friendly and portable.
5.
Fifth
generation are used in the field of artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic and
neural networks.
Q4. What is software? Give classification of
computer software.
Ans. Software is a set of program
instructions which when executed gives some desired results.
Classification:
Q-5 Define the following:
1. System software
2. Assembler
3. Compilers
4. Interpreters
5. Operating system
6. Application software
7. General purpose application
software
8. Customized software
9. Utility software
Ans.
1. System software: it is a set of programs that are used to
control the operations of the computer system such as input and output, saving
a file, prints a document etc.
2. Assembler: it is a software
that converts assembly language program into machine language program.
3. Compilers: it is a software
program that converts an entire HLL program into machine language program.
4. Interpreters: it is a
software program that converts HLL program into machine language program line
by line.
5. Operating system: it is system
software that acts as an interface between user and machine. It is required to
start and shut down the system.
6. Application software: These
are a set of programs that are put together for a specific purpose or task.
10. General purpose application
software: these softwares are created by vast companies for general purpose
use. Anyone can purchase it and use it for its own purpose. E.g. word
processing software, excel, PowerPoint, desktop publishing software etc.
11. Customized software: a
software which is created and modified by a person or a company for its own use
and cannot be used by any other customer. These are also known as business
software. For e.g.: restaurant billing
system, library management system, school management software etc.
12. Utility software: it is a small
program that provides additional capabilities to your operating system. They are
also called service routines. For e.g.: disk fragmenter, network managers, disk
cleanup etc.
Q6 Differentiate between compiler and interpreter.
Ans. The various
differences are:
Q7 what are the various disk management tools? Explain in brief.
Ans. the various disk
management tools are:
1. Disk cleanup: helps to free
space in hard drive by deleting unnecessary program files.
2. Disk defragmenter:
consolidates or group together fragmented files and folders at one place and
free space at one place. This process is known as defragmentation.
3. Systems restore utility: it
is a component of windows XP home edition. It can be used to restore the computer
to its previous state without deleting any file.
4. Special utilities: these
are the special utilities like compression utilities, encryption/decryption
etc. Norton antivirus, McAfee, quickheal is all utility softwares.
Q8. What are the various
functions of operating system?
Ans. The various functions are:
1. Program execution
2. I/O device management
3. Information management
4. Memory management
5. Error handling
6. Information and resource
protection
